Njenga Kariuki
LinkedIn

Sources and credits

The public sources behind each chapter, and the owner of every picture on the site. A first-hand account with no public record lists no source.

M-PESA Africa

Sources

  1. Vodacom and Safaricom to accelerate M-Pesa expansionVodafone Group Plc, 2020
  2. M-Pesa celebrates reaching 50 million customersVodafone Group Plc, 2021
  3. Safaricom Group revenue hits KES414billion with net income of KES100 Billion in FY26Safaricom PLC, 2026
  4. Vodacom Group Integrated Report for the year ended 31 March 2026: Financial capitalVodacom Group Limited, 2026
  5. Vodacom Group Integrated Report for the year ended 31 March 2026: Intellectual capitalVodacom Group Limited, 2026
  6. Vodacom Group Integrated Report for the year ended 31 March 2026: Our businessVodacom Group Limited, 2026
  7. njenga-kariuki (Njenga Kariuki) on GitHubGitHub, 2026
  8. About Us | M-PESA AfricaM-PESA Africa (Vodacom Group Limited)

Pictures

  • M-PESA in Safaricom’s app in Kenya, 2026: the home screen.Safaricom PLC (Apple App Store listing). All rights reserved.
  • M-PESA’s services in the app, 2026.Safaricom PLC (Apple App Store listing). All rights reserved.
  • An M-PESA agent shop in Kenya, painted in Safaricom green.Realt0n12 / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Amazon Bio Discovery

Sources

  1. AI goes from tool to teammate: Amazon Web Services SVP Colleen Aubrey on the dawn of agentic workGeekWire, 2025
  2. Agent-guided de novo design of nanobody binders against a novel cancer targetAmazon Science (ICML 2026 Workshop on Generative and Agentic AI for Biology), 2026
  3. AWS and Gray Lab at Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering announce groundbreaking database for AI/ML antibody designAmazon Science, 2026
  4. AWS launches Amazon Bio Discovery to accelerate AI-powered research in life sciencesAmazon (About Amazon newsroom), 2026
  5. Amazon Bio Discovery cut MSK antibody design from a year to weeks, AWS saysDrug Discovery Trends (WTWH Media), 2026
  6. Introducing Amazon Bio DiscoveryAWS for Industries blog, 2026
  7. Executive Insights from the 2026 AWS Life Sciences SymposiumAWS for Industries blog, 2026
  8. Twist provides the integrated biologic solutions in AWS’s AI-driven drug discovery applicationTwist Bioscience, 2026
  9. Highlights from the 2026 AWS Life Sciences Symposium: Research and Drug DiscoveryAWS for Industries blog, 2026
  10. Novo Nordisk and AWS enter strategic partnership to accelerate drug discovery through AINovo Nordisk, 2026
  11. Novo Nordisk selects AWS as strategic partner to accelerate drug discovery with AIAWS for Industries blog, 2026
  12. Healthcare and Life Sciences Leaders Build on NVIDIA to Advance Drug Discovery and Expand Patient CareNVIDIA Newsroom, 2026
  13. Amazon Bio DiscoveryAmazon Web Services, 2026

Pictures

  • Choosing the target protein, then asking for recommended binding sites.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Filtering 5,700 candidate designs to 25, ready to send for lab testing.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Building a workflow from models in the catalog.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • How a predicted property is spread across the candidates, with outliers marked.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • The agent’s ranked binding regions on a target, each with its evidence and rationale.Amazon Web Services. All rights reserved.
  • Sending selected designs to a partner lab, with cost and time estimates.Amazon Web Services. All rights reserved.

Stanford AI Institute

Sources

  1. AI Index Report 2024, Chapter 4: EconomyStanford HAI, 2024
  2. World Robotics 2024 press conference presentationInternational Federation of Robotics (IFR), 2024
  3. Introducing the Anthropic Economic IndexAnthropic, 2025
  4. Which Economic Tasks are Performed with AI? Evidence from Millions of Claude ConversationsAnthropic (arXiv:2503.04761), 2025
  5. AI Index 2025 public data: Chapter 4 Economy (Charts and Data folders)Stanford HAI (Google Drive), 2025
  6. Economy | The 2025 AI Index Report | Stanford HAIStanford HAI, 2025
  7. AI Index 2025: State of AI in 10 ChartsStanford HAI, 2025
  8. Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), 2025
  9. Stanford HAI’s 2025 AI Index Reveals Record Growth in AI Capabilities, Investment, and RegulationBusiness Wire (Stanford HAI), 2025
  10. The 2025 AI Index Report | Stanford HAIStanford HAI, 2025
  11. The State of AI Competition in Advanced Economies (FEDS Notes)Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2025
  12. AI Index Report 2025, Chapter 4: Economy (standalone chapter PDF)Stanford HAI, 2025
  13. Artificial Intelligence and the Great DivergenceThe White House Council of Economic Advisers, 2026
  14. AI Index | Stanford HAIStanford HAI
  15. Lightcast Skills Taxonomy (Open Skills)Lightcast
  16. School Profile | Stanford Graduate School of BusinessStanford Graduate School of Business

Pictures

  • The AI Index Report 2025, published 7 April 2025.Stanford HAI, AI Index. CC BY-ND 4.0.
  • The chapter’s opening page: “Text and analysis by Njenga Kariuki.”Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), AI Index Steering Committee. CC BY-ND 4.0.
  • The chapter’s chart of global corporate investment in AI, 2013 to 2024.AI Index 2025 (Stanford HAI); chart data as credited on the chart. CC BY-ND 4.0.
  • The chapter’s six highlights.AI Index 2025 (Stanford HAI); text and analysis by Njenga Kariuki. CC BY-ND 4.0.
  • The chapter’s overview page: its last paragraph names the five data providers.AI Index 2025 (Stanford HAI); text and analysis by Njenga Kariuki. CC BY-ND 4.0.
  • The White House Council of Economic Advisers, 2026: the chapter’s country ranking of AI investment.Council of Economic Advisers, Executive Office of the President (US government work); data: Quid via AI Index 2025 (Stanford HAI). Public domain; its data under CC BY-ND 4.0.

Alexa Map View

Sources

  1. Apple introduces iPhone 12 Pro and iPhone 12 Pro Max with 5GApple Newsroom, 2020
  2. Create parametric 3D room scans with RoomPlan - WWDC22Apple Developer, 2022
  3. Announced in 2023: Amazon devices and features coming to your homeAmazon News (aboutamazon.com), 2023
  4. Introducing a new era for the Alexa smart homeAmazon News (aboutamazon.com), 2023
  5. Live Blog: See Amazon’s new 2023 devices and servicesAmazon News (aboutamazon.com), 2023
  6. Amazon’s Map View arrives to create a digital map of your smart homeThe Verge, 2023
  7. Five ways Alexa’s Map View will help you manage your smart home devices more efficientlyTechRadar, 2023
  8. How to set up Alexa’s new Map View, and why you’ll need one of these iOS devicesZDNET, 2023
  9. Amazon Map View is a game-changer for your smart home — here’s how it worksTom’s Guide, 2023
  10. How the smart home is finally getting out of your phone and into your homeThe Verge, 2024
  11. Amazon’s Alexa Home Map is getting a smarter 3D redesignThe Verge, 2026
  12. Meet Alexa Home Map, an interactive 3D map that lets you see and control your homeAmazon News (aboutamazon.com), 2026
  13. Our first look at Amazon’s big new Echo Show 16The Verge, 2026

Pictures

  • Amazon’s Map View film, 2023: scan a room, then control a device from the map.Amazon. All rights reserved. A short silent loop of the film.
  • Map View’s scan, in Amazon’s 2023 film: white lines trace a kitchen.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Map View: the home’s floor plan, with device pins and a control card.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • A coffee maker’s plug switched from the map, in Amazon’s 2023 film.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Alexa Home Map on an Echo Show 16, 2026.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s devices event, 20 September 2023: the slide before Map View.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s press image for Map View’s launch, September 2023.Amazon. All rights reserved.

Amazon Health AI

Sources

  1. The science behind the Halo Body featureAmazon Science, 2021
  2. Improved Halo Body technology allows customers to take scans in tighter spacesAmazon Science, 2021
  3. Smartphone camera based assessment of adiposity: a validation studynpj Digital Medicine (Nature Portfolio), 2022
  4. Normalized sensitivity of multi-dimensional body composition biomarkers for risk change predictionScientific Reports (Nature Portfolio), 2022
  5. Validation of Amazon Halo Movement: a smartphone camera-based assessment of movement healthnpj Digital Medicine (Nature Portfolio), 2022
  6. Everything Amazon announced at the 2022 Devices & Services EventAmazon (aboutamazon.com), 2022
  7. Amazon introduces Halo Rise, a no-contact sleep tracker, but also so much moreAmazon (aboutamazon.com), 2022
  8. Development and validation of an accurate smartphone application for measuring waist-to-hip circumference rationpj Digital Medicine (Nature Portfolio), 2023
  9. 3 Lessons for PMs Building B2C AI ProductsMedium, 2024

Pictures

  • Halo Movement’s detailed results, 2021: mobility and stability by body region.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Error against a clinical DXA scan: Halo Body (VBC, left) beside six other methods. 2022 study.Majmudar MD, Chandra S, Yakkala K et al. npj Digital Medicine 5, 79 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00628-3. © The Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0.
  • Movement scores for athletes, healthy adults and adults with impaired mobility. 2022 study.Fanton M, Harari Y, Giffhorn M et al. npj Digital Medicine 5, 134 (2022). © The Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0.
  • Waist-to-hip ratio from the app, compared with tape measurements by trained staff. 2023 study.Choudhary S, Iyer G, Smith BM et al. npj Digital Medicine 6, 168 (2023), doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00909-5. CC BY 4.0.
  • Halo Body’s result, in Amazon Science’s June 2021 article on how it worked: a 3D model and body fat.Amazon Science (Amazon). All rights reserved.

Halo Movement

Sources

  1. Validation of a Smartphone-based Assessment of Movement Health (NCT04854148)ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine), 2021
  2. Amazon Brings Movement Health to HaloThurrott.com, 2021
  3. Amazon Halo will use your smartphone camera to assess your ‘Movement Health’The Verge, 2021
  4. Amazon adds fitness tests and posture-improving exercises to its Halo appEngadget, 2021
  5. Amazon’s Halo fitness tracker can now judge how your body movesMashable, 2021
  6. Amazon’s Halo wearable adds a fresh approach to personalized workoutsFast Company, 2021
  7. Introducing Movement Health, new to Amazon HaloAmazon (aboutamazon.com), 2021
  8. New Amazon Halo feature will assess routine body movement, and offer exercises for improvementGeekWire, 2021
  9. Amazon Halo fitness tracker measures ‘movement health,’ flexibility like a virtual trainerFox Business, 2021
  10. Huge Amazon Halo ‘Movement’ update makes it the perfect fitness app for us oldsAndroid Central, 2021
  11. Movement Health Comes to Amazon HaloThurrott.com, 2021
  12. Amazon Halo is like a personal trainer, therapist and sleep coach on your wristTODAY (NBC News), 2021
  13. Amazon Halo View reviewLivingetc, 2022
  14. Amazon health feature can accurately assess users’ mobility, study findsSTAT, 2022
  15. Validation of Amazon Halo Movement: a smartphone camera-based assessment of movement healthnpj Digital Medicine (Nature Portfolio), 2022
  16. The Cadaver in the Machine: The Social Practices of Measurement and Validation in Motion Capture TechnologyProceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (ACM), 2024
  17. System for correcting user movement (US 12,067,806 B2)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2024

Pictures

  • Amazon’s results screen, June 2021: an overall score of 71, “Good.”Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s Movement Health explainer, 2021: the assessment, the score and the program.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Setup: the phone stands 6 to 10 feet (1.8 to 3 m) away, ready to record.Fanton M, Harari Y, Giffhorn M et al. npj Digital Medicine 5, 134 (2022). © The Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4.0.
  • Detailed results, 2021: mobility and stability by body region, then next steps.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s graphic announcing Movement, June 2021: “Tools to improve the way you move.”Amazon. All rights reserved.

Halo Tone

Sources

  1. Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic ReviewPLOS Medicine, 2010
  2. A new tool to help you understand and improve your social wellbeingAmazon (About Amazon / Day One blog), 2020
  3. Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and WellnessAmazon (US Press Center), 2020
  4. How Amazon’s new health tracker will use AI to monitor your tone of voiceQuartz, 2020
  5. Amazon Halo review: This fitness tracker knows you inside and outAndroid Central, 2020
  6. Amazon Halo Privacy Whitepaper (reproduction)Amazon (reproduced by Manuals+), 2020
  7. Amazon’s new health band is the most invasive tech we’ve ever testedThe Washington Post (syndicated by The Seattle Times), 2020
  8. Amazon Halo review: Super intrusive but big-brand Labs shine throughWareable, 2020
  9. Amazon Halo review (MakeUseOf)MakeUseOf, 2021
  10. Amazon Adds More to Halo—Introducing Halo View, Halo Fitness, and Halo NutritionAmazon (US Press Center), 2021
  11. Amazon is fixing its fitness wearables by not listening to its customersAndroid Central, 2021
  12. System to characterize vocal presentation (US 11,393,462 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  13. Interaction emotion determination (US 11,430,467 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  14. Conserving battery while detecting for human voice (US 11,462,218 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  15. Call based emotion detection (US 11,632,456 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
  16. Conserving battery while detecting for human voice (US 11,783,834 B1, continuation)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
  17. Power state control of a device performing detection of voice in audio data (US 12,586,583 B1, second continuation)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2026
  18. USPTO Patent Public Search: documents citing the six patents (field URPN)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2026
  19. USPTO Patent Public Search: inventor search ‘Kariuki’ (US-PGPUB, USPAT, USOCR)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2026

Pictures

  • Launch illustration of Tone, 2020: the day’s tones and two notable moments.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s Halo launch film, 2020: the day’s tones, then notable moments.Amazon. All rights reserved. A short silent loop of the film.

Halo Body

Sources

  1. Body composition techniquesIndian Journal of Medical Research, 2018
  2. A better measure of healthAmazon (About Amazon / Day One blog), 2020
  3. Amazon Halo: Jaw-Dropping New Health-Monitoring Wearable & Service RevealedForbes, 2020
  4. Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voiceThe Verge, 2020
  5. Amazon’s New Fitness Tracker Sounds Like a Body-Shaming, Tone-Policing DisasterGizmodo, 2020
  6. Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and WellnessAmazon (US Press Center / Business Wire), 2020
  7. Evaluation of the Accuracy of a Computer Vision-based Tool for Assessment of Total Body Fat Percentage (MEASURE), NCT04854421ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine), 2021
  8. The science behind the Halo Body featureAmazon Science, 2021
  9. A new model of accuracy: Amazon Halo Body featureAmazon Halo Blog (Medium), 2021
  10. Smartphone Camera Based Assessment of Adiposity: A Multi-Site Validation StudymedRxiv, 2021
  11. Amazon’s Halo passes Pennington’s test for accurately measuring percentage of body fatThe Advocate (Baton Rouge), 2021
  12. Improved Halo Body technology allows customers to take scans in tighter spacesAmazon Science, 2021
  13. Two-dimensional image collection for three-dimensional body composition modeling (US 11,232,629 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  14. Smartphone camera based assessment of adiposity: a validation studynpj Digital Medicine (Springer Nature), 2022
  15. Visual body composition assessment methods: A 4-compartment model comparison of smartphone-based artificial intelligence for body composition estimation in healthy adultsClinical Nutrition (Elsevier), 2022
  16. Body fat measurements from a two-dimensional image (US 11,903,730 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2024
  17. Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint AdvisoryThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (with ACLM, ASN, OMA and The Obesity Society), 2025
  18. Europe PMC citations list for PMID 35768575Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), 2026

Pictures

  • Halo Body at launch, 2020: a member’s 3D model, body fat and weight.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • The Halo app home screen, with Body beside Activity, Sleep and Tone.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s Halo launch film, 2020: four coached photos become a 3D body model.Amazon. All rights reserved. A short silent loop of the film.
  • Amazon’s launch illustration, 2020: a scan at home, and the 3D model it returns.Amazon. All rights reserved.

Amazon Halo

Sources

  1. Introducing Amazon HaloAmazon Halo Blog (Medium), 2020
  2. A better measure of healthAmazon (About Amazon / Day One blog), 2020
  3. A new tool to help you understand and improve your social wellbeingAmazon (About Amazon / Day One blog), 2020
  4. Amazon Halo fitness tracker sounds awesome, but also like a Black Mirror episodeCNET, 2020
  5. Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voiceThe Verge, 2020
  6. Amazon’s first health wearable is no Fitbit or Apple Watch cloneFast Company, 2020
  7. Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and WellnessAmazon (US Press Center / Business Wire), 2020
  8. How Amazon’s new health tracker will use AI to monitor your tone of voiceQuartz, 2020
  9. Amazon Halo Privacy Whitepaper (reproduction)Amazon (reproduced by Manuals+), 2020
  10. Amazon’s new health band is the most invasive tech we’ve ever testedThe Washington Post (syndicated by The Seattle Times), 2020
  11. Amazon Halo: New and (already) improvedAmazon Halo Blog (Medium), 2020
  12. Amazon’s Halo fitness tracker is now available to everyoneCNBC, 2020
  13. Amazon’s body-scanning Halo fitness band is now available to everyone in the USTechCrunch, 2020
  14. Validation of a Smartphone-based Assessment of Movement Health (NCT04854148)ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine), 2021
  15. New Amazon Halo feature will assess routine body movement, and offer exercises for improvementGeekWire, 2021
  16. Amazon Halo fitness tracker measures ‘movement health,’ flexibility like a virtual trainerFox Business, 2021
  17. Huge Amazon Halo ‘Movement’ update makes it the perfect fitness app for us oldsAndroid Central, 2021
  18. Smartphone camera based assessment of adiposity: a validation studynpj Digital Medicine, 2022
  19. System to characterize vocal presentation (US 11,393,462 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  20. Interaction emotion determination (US 11,430,467 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  21. Validation of Amazon Halo Movement: a smartphone camera-based assessment of movement healthnpj Digital Medicine, 2022
  22. Conserving battery while detecting for human voice (US 11,462,218 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  23. Call based emotion detection (US 11,632,456 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
  24. Amazon will brick all Halo health trackers on August 1Ars Technica, 2023
  25. Our decision to wind down Amazon Halo (Amazon discontinues Amazon Halo effective July 31)Amazon (About Amazon), 2023
  26. Conserving battery while detecting for human voice (US 11,783,834 B1, continuation)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
  27. Body fat measurements from a two-dimensional image (US 11,903,730 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2024
  28. Power state control of a device performing detection of voice in audio data (US 12,586,583 B1, second continuation)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2026
  29. USPTO Patent Public Search: inventor search ‘Kariuki’ (US-PGPUB, USPAT, USOCR)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2026

Pictures

  • The Halo Band in its three launch colors, 2020.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • The Halo app home screen: Activity, Sleep, Tone and Body.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Activity: the week’s points toward a target of 150.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • The band and the Halo app, December 2020.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s launch illustration, 2020: a Body scan at home, and the 3D model it returns.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Body screen, 2021: the 3D model and a trend chart of body fat.Amazon (Amazon Science). All rights reserved.
  • Amazon’s illustration introducing Halo, August 2020: the app’s Activity, Sleep, Tone and Body tiles.Amazon. All rights reserved.

Alexa Shopping

Sources

  1. Amazon Echo Can Now Do Some Of Your Shopping For You, Prime MembersTechCrunch, 2015
  2. Alexa, What Are Your Prime Day Deals?Amazon (US Press Center), 2016
  3. Amazon.com Announces Third Quarter Sales up 34% to $43.7 BillionAmazon (US Press Center), 2017
  4. The talking shop: the rise of voice commerceOC&C Strategy Consultants, 2018
  5. Making Alexa more friction-freeAmazon Science, 2018
  6. Amazon scientists use transfer learning to accelerate development of new Alexa capabilitiesAmazon Science, 2018
  7. New way to annotate training data should enable more sophisticated Alexa interactionsAmazon Science, 2018
  8. Amazon Customers Made This Holiday Season Record-Breaking with More Items Ordered Worldwide Than Ever BeforeAmazon (US Press Center), 2018
  9. Alexa at five: Looking back, looking forwardAmazon Science, 2019
  10. Query rewriting for voice shopping null queriesAmazon Science (SIGIR 2020), 2020
  11. Amazon announces Rufus, a new generative AI-powered conversational shopping experienceAmazon (About Amazon), 2024
  12. 3 Lessons for PMs Building B2C AI ProductsMedium, 2024
  13. Meet Alexa for Shopping, your personalized, agentic AI assistant on AmazonAmazon (About Amazon), 2026

Pictures

  • Drawn for this site from the public record.
  • Echo Plus: the light ring glows when Alexa hears its wake word.Asivechowdhury, via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0.
  • Labels on each word let Alexa split one spoken request into separate list items (2018).Amazon Science (Amazon.com, Inc.). All rights reserved.
  • Labels on each word let Alexa split one spoken request into separate list items, 2018.Drawn for this site from: Amazon Science (Amazon.com, Inc.). All rights reserved.

Prime Now

Sources

  1. Inventory Record Inaccuracy: An Empirical AnalysisManagement Science, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 627-641, 2008
  2. Amazon Introduces Prime Now: One-Hour Delivery on Tens of Thousands of Daily Essentials Exclusively for Prime MembersAmazon.com, Inc. (US Press Center, via Business Wire), 2014
  3. Amazon Prime Now Adds Local Stores In ManhattanTechCrunch, 2015
  4. Prime Now Gets Even Better: One-Hour Delivery from Your Favorite Local StoresAmazon.com, Inc. (US Press Center, via Business Wire), 2015
  5. Amazon Continues to Expand Its Superfast Delivery Service: Prime Now Lands in Los Angeles Featuring Tens of Thousands of Items from Amazon; Local Store Deliveries Coming SoonAmazon.com, Inc. (US Press Center, via Business Wire), 2015
  6. Amazon launches Prime Now local store delivery in Seattle, starting with PCC and UwajimayaGeekWire, 2016
  7. Amazon.com, Inc. 2015 Letter to Shareholders (Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K)U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2016
  8. Amazon amplía su servicio de entregas rápidas, Prime Now: a partir de hoy los clientes pueden comprar productos de los supermercados DIA, las tiendas Lavinia y decenas de puestos del Mercado de la PazAmazon.es (Spain Press Center), 2016
  9. Lavinia se suma, junto a DIA y el Mercado de La Paz, a Amazon Prime NowAlimarket, 2016
  10. Amazon Prime Now change de dimension en devenant une marketplaceJournal du Net (JDN), 2016
  11. Prime Now gets even better: one-hour delivery from local London shopsAmazon.co.uk (UK Press Center), 2016
  12. Prime Now finds a new home on AmazonAmazon (aboutamazon.com), 2021
  13. Amazon Now: ultrafast delivery in 30 minutes or lessAmazon (aboutamazon.com), 2025
  14. PLU Codes — IFPSInternational Federation for Produce Standards (IFPS)
  15. What is a GTIN? | GS1 USGS1 US

Pictures

  • Choosing a delivery window at launch, December 2014, redrawn.Drawn for this site from: Amazon (as published by GeekWire). All rights reserved.
  • The sign at Prime Now’s first site, in New York.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Picking groceries from a store shelf for Prime Now, 2021.Amazon. All rights reserved.
  • Amazon Now, Prime Now’s 30-minute successor, 2026.Amazon. All rights reserved.

Target

Sources

  1. Estimation of Consumer Demand with Stock-Out Based Substitution: An Application to Vending Machine ProductsMarketing Science (INFORMS), 1998
  2. Apple to open new store-within-a-store outlets inside Target this yearAppleInsider, 2012
  3. Target says it will launch upscale Apple shops in 25 of its discount stores9to5Mac, 2012
  4. Target to create small Apple shops in 25 storesMPR News (Associated Press), 2012
  5. Target Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year ended January 28, 2012U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012
  6. Target ditches Amazon Kindles from its shelvesCNNMoney, 2012
  7. Target phasing out Amazon’s KindleMPR News (Associated Press), 2012
  8. Apple expected to expand store-within-store presence at Walmart, TargetAppleInsider, 2012
  9. Apple to expand store-within-store concept to Target, Walmart?MacTech, 2012
  10. Geek Squad to Join Target Stores as Part of Pilot ProgramTwin Cities Business, 2012
  11. Report: Retailers short on iPhone 5’s as Apple stores had plentyTechRadar, 2012
  12. iPad Mini’s likely launch date means inventory will be everything, say analystsComputerworld, 2012
  13. Apple Introduces iPad miniApple Newsroom, 2012
  14. Apple’s white iPad mini sells out in 20 minutesFortune, 2012
  15. Initial iPad mini stock selling out at various Apple Stores around the world9to5Mac, 2012
  16. iPad Mini available today, so here’s how to get one fastNBC News, 2012
  17. Apple Reports Record ResultsApple Newsroom, 2013
  18. MacDailyNews presents live notes from Apple’s Q113 conference callMacDailyNews, 2013
  19. Target Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year ended February 2, 2013U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2013
  20. Apple’s Cyber Monday: What the analysts are sayingFortune, 2013
  21. Black Friday 2013 belonged to the iPadThe Christian Science Monitor, 2013
  22. Target Debuts Apple Shopping Destination With Expanded Footprint, Extended Assortment and Enhanced ServicesTarget Corporation, 2021
  23. Target to open mini Apple shops in latest move to woo customersCNBC, 2021
  24. See the tiny new Apple stores inside TargetFast Company, 2021
  25. Target and Apple Deepen Collaboration with More Shop-in-Shops and the Best Offer Available Through a Retailer on Apple Fitness+ and More, Just in Time for the HolidaysTarget Corporation, 2022
  26. Target and Apple expand product collaborationRetail Customer Experience, 2022

Pictures

  • iPad mini, launched November 2012, and iPad Air, launched November 2013.Composed for this site from: Apple Inc. All rights reserved.

About

Sources

  1. University of St. Thomas Undergraduate Catalog, 2010-2012University of St. Thomas; digitized by University of St. Thomas Libraries, Special Collections, 2010
  2. A Look at Who’s Speaking at This Year’s Commencement ExercisesUniversity of St. Thomas Newsroom, 2012
  3. Amazon Introduces Prime Now: One-Hour Delivery on Tens of Thousands of Daily Essentials Exclusively for Prime MembersAmazon.com, Inc. (US Press Center, via Business Wire), 2014
  4. Amazon.com, Inc. 2015 Letter to Shareholders (Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K)U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2016
  5. Alexa, What Are Your Prime Day Deals?Amazon (US Press Center), 2017
  6. Vodacom and Safaricom to accelerate M-Pesa expansionVodafone Group Plc, 2020
  7. A better measure of healthAmazon (About Amazon / Day One blog), 2020
  8. A new tool to help you understand and improve your social wellbeingAmazon (About Amazon / Day One blog), 2020
  9. Amazon Brings Movement Health to HaloThurrott.com, 2021
  10. Amazon Halo will use your smartphone camera to assess your ‘Movement Health’The Verge, 2021
  11. Amazon’s Halo fitness tracker can now judge how your body movesMashable, 2021
  12. Introducing Movement Health, new to Amazon HaloAmazon (aboutamazon.com), 2021
  13. Smartphone Camera Based Assessment of Adiposity: A Multi-Site Validation StudymedRxiv, 2021
  14. Improved Halo Body technology allows customers to take scans in tighter spacesAmazon Science, 2021
  15. M-Pesa celebrates reaching 50 million customersVodafone Group Plc, 2021
  16. Smartphone camera based assessment of adiposity: a validation studynpj Digital Medicine (Springer Nature), 2022
  17. System to characterize vocal presentation (US 11,393,462 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  18. Interaction emotion determination (US 11,430,467 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  19. Validation of Amazon Halo Movement: a smartphone camera-based assessment of movement healthnpj Digital Medicine (Nature Portfolio), 2022
  20. Conserving battery while detecting for human voice (US 11,462,218 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2022
  21. Call based emotion detection (US 11,632,456 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
  22. Development and validation of an accurate smartphone application for measuring waist-to-hip circumference rationpj Digital Medicine (Nature Portfolio), 2023
  23. Introducing a new era for the Alexa smart homeAmazon News (aboutamazon.com), 2023
  24. Live Blog: See Amazon’s new 2023 devices and servicesAmazon News (aboutamazon.com), 2023
  25. Conserving battery while detecting for human voice (US 11,783,834 B1, continuation)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
  26. Stanford Academic Calendar 2024-2025Stanford University Student Services, 2024
  27. Body fat measurements from a two-dimensional image (US 11,903,730 B1)United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2024
  28. 3 Lessons for PMs Building B2C AI ProductsMedium, 2024
  29. Stanford MSx Program Evolves Over Six Decades… and CountingStanford Graduate School of Business (Centennial stories), 2025
  30. Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), 2025
  31. Stanford Sloan Program Relaunched as Stanford MSx in 2013Stanford Graduate School of Business (Centennial stories), 2025
  32. Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025 (arXiv:2504.07139)arXiv, 2025
  33. Introducing Ask Heidi AILoom share (uploader not shown in the metadata), Loom, 2025
  34. AI-Powered PRFAQ Process OverviewLoom share (uploader not shown in the metadata), Loom, 2025
  35. Workflow Automation Made EasyLoom share (uploader not shown in the metadata), Loom, 2025
  36. Stanford University Commencement 2025: List of Conferred Degrees and Degree Candidates (134th Commencement)Stanford University, 2025
  37. AI Index Report 2025, Chapter 4: Economy (standalone chapter PDF)Stanford HAI, 2025
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  39. AWS launches Amazon Bio Discovery to accelerate AI-powered research in life sciencesAmazon (About Amazon newsroom), 2026
  40. Safaricom Group revenue hits KES414billion with net income of KES100 Billion in FY26Safaricom PLC, 2026
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  42. Vodacom Group Integrated Report for the year ended 31 March 2026: Intellectual capitalVodacom Group Limited, 2026
  43. Vodacom Group Integrated Report for the year ended 31 March 2026: Our businessVodacom Group Limited, 2026
  44. njenga-kariuki/AskHeidiAIGitHub (account njenga-kariuki), 2026
  45. njenga-kariuki/Automate-Any-Workflow-POCGitHub (account njenga-kariuki), 2026
  46. njenga-kariuki/ChatPRFAQGitHub (account njenga-kariuki), 2026
  47. njenga-kariuki/ChatPRFAQ: the September 2026 rebuildGitHub (account njenga-kariuki), 2026
  48. njenga-kariuki/ai-daily-digestGitHub (account njenga-kariuki), 2026
  49. njenga-kariuki/math-annotation-tool-demoGitHub (account njenga-kariuki), 2026
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  51. njenga-kariuki (Njenga Kariuki) on GitHubGitHub, 2026
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Pictures

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